European law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

European law - Assignment Example 12). Facts Roberto Grenades has dual citizenship, namely Spanish and American. As per the Nationality Act of the UK, a person can have dual citizenship, but nationality will be decided on the basis of his place of habitual residence. Roberto Grenades spent most of his time in New York. However, he and his gay partner Quang Phuc, had shifted to Madrid from the US, four years ago. Their registered civil partnership had been recognized under Spanish law. In 2010, Roberto obtained work in London, as a helper in a Buddhist temple. However, the UK Government suspected that the organisation behind this temple was being funded by a terrorist organisation. Hence, they asked Roberto to leave the UK, as he was not an EU citizen and as he had links with terrorist organisations. In addition, Quang was also asked by the UK Government to leave the nation, as he would not be considered a family member of Roberto. Moreover, he had been convicted previously for the possession of illegal drugs. Issues Whether Roberto can claim the rights of permanent residence under the provisions of EU law. Whether Quang can claim family residential rights against the UK government. Rule of Law Continuous legal residence for five years in the host EU nation is sufficient entitlement for permitting a person to reside in that nation on a permanent basis. This right is derived directly from the EU law (European Commission , 2010). Citizens of the European Union (EU) are strictly those who are nationals of the Member States of the EU. This status can be achieved by a national of a third country, only by procuring the nationality of a Member State (Handoll, 2003, p. 12). Entry or residence could be refused to a family member on grounds of public policy, internal security or public health (Europa, 2011). Analysis Council Directive 2003/86/EC of 22nd September 2003, states that the spouse of the sponsor and the minor children of the couple are eligible for family reunification. Minor children, in this context, refers to children whose age is less than the legal age of majority in the concerned Member State. Moreover, one of the members of the couple is eligible for family reunification, if that person has custody and the children, including adopted children, are dependent on that person (Europa, 2011). Furthermore, a Member State can authorise, under certain circumstances, the family reunification of first degree ascendants in the direct line, unmarried children who are not minors, and unmarried partners. The concerned individual could be required to have accommodation that satisfied the general health and safety norms, sickness insurance, and stable resources that are sufficient to maintain that person and the members of that individual’s family. In addition, that person may be required to comply with the integration measures enjoined by the national law. Moreover, it may be necessary for that person to have been living in that Member State for some specific period of tim e up to a maximum of 2 years, prior to unification with the family members. Entry or residence could be refused to a family member on grounds of public policy, internal security or public health (Europa, 2011). In our problem, Roberto had been ordered by the UK government to leave the nation due to the suspicion that he had ties with terrorist organisations. He cannot plead for long term residency rights in the EU Member States, because he has moved to EU

How useful are Marx ideas to understanding the problems and struggles Essay

How useful are Marx ideas to understanding the problems and struggles of our 21st century - Essay Example According to Marx, the problem of society is rooted in equality between classes. Free trade had unmasked the true picture of society by giving us a clear image of â€Å"brutal exploitation† in the face of civilization. In the 21st century, the picture painted by Marx during his time can still be vividly seen and observed all over the world. If you take a closer look at the big establishments that ruled the industries nowadays, you will notice that these companies and are becoming like dynasties where the top ranking corporate executives lord the place and the lives of the employees. Although learned individuals may argue that employment is but a matter of choice, such choice is not easy to make nowadays for the lack of better opportunities available. This scenario is comparable to the time of landlords and serfs where the farmers don’t really have a choice but to toil in the face of unfair conditions for fear that he/she will lose the land and compromise the survival of his/her family. Much as we would like to view labor in our present time as a form of capital, it is still viewed as a form of commodity that people trade and is subject to market fluctuations of supply and demand thus the continuing antagonism between class of individuals such as the skilled and the unskilled labor. This phenomenon cause the prices of labor in other parts of the world to be cheaper than that in the United States and other developed countries.

The Office Depot ECommerce Systems Information Technology Essay

The Office Depot ECommerce Systems Information Technology Essay Office Depot Inc., founded in 1986, is one of the leaders in the office supplies industry with its head quarters in Boca Raton, Florida, USA. The Office Depots supplies include business machines, computers, softwares and office furniture whereas the services cover printing, copying, document reproduction, shipping and mailing. The customers to the company include individual customers, small office/home offices, and medium-/large-sized businesses. The sales are obtained through numerous channels which comprises of office supply stores, an outbound telephone account management sales force, internet sites, direct marketing catalogues and call centres. Office Depot Inc., deals to customers in 52 countries all around North America, Europe, Asia and Latin America. The company operates more than 40 separate websites in the International Division. While the word e-commerce refers to all the online transactions, B2C stands for business-to-consumer and goes for any business organization that sells its products or services to consumers on the Internet. The business model followed by Office Depot is B2C e-commerce model. The model provides both strategic and operational benefits to the company. The model helps in low order processing costs; brand recognition; improved customer service; market extension to locations where no office supplies store exists; reduces labour cost due to streamlined internal process; and improved information system integration. The company follows click-and-mortar kind of B2C model where the company allows customer to buy products and services online as well as they have physical stores located at various locations. The model tied the e-commerce frontend to the companys inventory and order management systems, and conducted real time inventory checks to ensure stock was available nearby. The model is build in customer centric e-commerce systems were intended to make customers so satisfied with their online shopping experience that they would not bother looking elsewhere on the Internet to save a few pennies. Customers were able to check warehouse inventory in real-time, place orders online, pay for orders online, and arrange for returns at a local store. 4. Customer Value Proposition The customer value proposition basically means the benefits which the vendor is providing to the customers in return to the amount charged for the specific products or services. The Office Depot assures a broad selection of quality office products and services. These products and services encompass the following characteristics: great quality, innovation, value and satisfaction guarantee. The major challenges that officedepot.com has tackled reasonably are simple to use, have an improved search capability, an expanded range of item availability, and they are meeting the expectations of customers with shipping quality and timely delivery. 5. Revenue Model The main goal of introducing B2C website is to bring down the cost or improve customer service, however, the primary aims remains to be generation of revenue and earn profit. The officedepot.com is the website providing products as well as services to its customers. This is the most common type of e-business model for generating revenue. In this model, the electronic catalogue is made available to the consumers; they can select the desired products or services from the catalogue and put it in the shopping cart. Then the payment received from the customer is the source of earning revenue. After the successful implementation of the B2C model, the total sales revenue of the firm has gone up considerably because of e-sales. With over $4.9 billion in e-Business sales during 2007, Office Depot is one of the largest online retailers in the world. They believe in offering customers the best choice of electronic trading solutions available, with different purchasing options according to their needs. The figure1 indicates the sudden rise in the sales after the implementation of the website and the continuous rise thereafter. 6. Marketplace Office Depot deals in the segment of office products and services. They are in competition to be the market leaders in the segment. The range of products office depot sells includes business machines, computers, softwares and office furniture whereas the services cover printing, copying, document reproduction, shipping and mailing. The growing prevalence of the internet access has enabled new markets to emerge online. To tackle with the market of consumers and businesses of all sizes the company is being segmented into three the retail division, the business solution division and the international division. Office Depot operates over 1,200 office supply stores in North America.   Internationally, the company operates another 400 retail stores in 48 countries.   7. Main Competitors The main competitors to Office Depot are Staples and Officemax. Together the three companies are the market leaders in the office industry. However, together they account for about only 10% of the total estimated $300 billion market. They rest of the market is divided widely between supermarkets, wholesale retailers and smaller independent companies. Office Depot stands second to Staples in the total sales and profits but had greater sales and higher operating margin in the international market than the leading competitor. Office Depot by the division of the retail and business solution sales in the international market is trying to take advantage in the international market by acquiring contract office suppliers around the globe in profitable markets such as Asia and South America. Staples: www.staples.com OfficeMax: www.officemax.com 8. Comparative Advantages The Office Depot was the first to introduce the concept of shopping, ordering and managing shipments online for the office products and services segment. Office understands the nature, reasons, needs and concerns of customer by realizing that all the customers are not the same level. Every other customer has different wants and needs. The company has added the brick-and-mortar catalogue on their website and thus have successfully increased choices, selection and searching capabilities. Officedepot.com provides lower prices by discount offers, auctions and promotional prices. Special discounts are given to the schools. The product descriptions are clear and concise, and usually have measurements included, sometimes in graphical format as well. Officedepot.com has the advantage of belonging to a well established distribution infrastructure that can handle peak demand. It also has an established brand with a good and trustworthy image, large customer base, expertise and facilities to serve customers with catalogue sales, and has stores for handling product returns. Bricks-and-clicks retailers enjoy significant advantages over Internet pure-plays including lower customer acquisition and smaller marketing-related outlays. Officedepot.com website is designed with proper attention and it is capturing, dynamic, changing, offering new things and promotions, user friendly, not crowded or overwhelming, efficient and easy for navigation, just in time information for out of stock items, and easy to read text. 9. Market Strategy Office Depot targets consumers and businesses of all sizes. They range from individual customers to the small offices/home offices to the large offices and organizations. The main strategy is to provide maximum possible options combined with special discount offers. The basic market strategy followed by the officedepot.com to keep the customers intact and at the same time providing satisfaction is: Intelligent Search Facilities an amazingly easy way to locate the correct product every time Bulletin Board an effective online communication tool to reach all end users with important information User set-up and Management Office Depot Online is a self service solution putting our customers in the driving seat Controls tailored approval processes and budgeting are available to help you to manage your business Multiple Shopping lists list all your favourite items in one place to create your orders with 10. Conclusion Officedepot.com is one of the finest examples of the business-to-customer e-commerce model. The officedepot.com was introduced by Office Depot in order to meet the increasing requirements with the rapid growth of the Internet. The website officedepot.com is a click and mortar kind with inclusion of brick and mortar catalogue and thus increasing the options available to select from. The revenue generated is simply through the selling of the products. Officedepot.com does face stiff competition but with the kind of infrastructure and service it is being able to attract customers to itself. 11. References http://www.officedepot.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customer_value_proposition http://www.living2xcess.com/2010/06/office-depot-strategic-analysis_01.html http://www.slideshare.net/socialcoop/ebusiness-models http://www.buzzle.com/articles/b2c-marketing-a-guide-to-business-to-consumer-marketing.html

Summary and Analysis of One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest :: Ken Kesey Novel Film Movies Literature Essays

Summary and Analysis of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest 1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Presentation of the theme and my motive to choose it I chose the subject about â€Å"One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest† written by Ken Kesey in 1962 for my research paper because my mother told me years ago of the accompanying film and how interesting it is. Two years ago a friend of mine came back from his exchange programme in the United States of America. He told me that he and his theatre group there had performed this novel. He was and still is very enthusiastic about the theme and about the way it is written. Although I started reading the novel, I didn’t manage to finish it till the day we had to choose our subjects at school. When I saw this subject on the list, which we were given by our English teacher Mr Schà ¤fer, I was interested immediately. So I chose it. 1.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My procedure After reading this novel and watching the film I went to the Braunschweig University Library, where I loaned books about Addiction to games of change, The American history in the sixties and The history of Red Indians to receive an insight into the life of the protagonist. With the use of the internet I got further information. By choosing my subject I didn’t assume that it would be so difficult to describe Mac Murphy’s decline. I often thought that the psychological background – knowledge would have been helpful. After having written my keywords I didn’t know how to start with my formulations but finally I wrote and wrote and in the end I had too many pages. As a result I had to shorten my text which was more difficult than my first problem. 2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Summary of the novel A half – Indian named Chief Bromden begins telling the reader about his experiences in an Oregon mental hospital. Head of this hospital is Nurse Ratched, also known as Big Nurse, â€Å"(†¦) a stern, controlling woman who behaves with a serene confidence†. She is the antagonist of the novel, manipulative and dictatorical, using any method to assert her power over the patients. In comparison to Randle Patrick Mac Murphy, the protagonist, she â€Å"(†¦) represents ideas of sexual repression, authoritarianism and conservatism† . The nurse and her new patient, who was admitted to the hospital by the state work farm for observation, are in every way opposed to each other - she demanding control, he revelling freedom.

Creative writing, Gothic

Briskly walking through the mysterious darkness of the menacing forest, grasping tightly my withering frozen hand, my petrified newly wed wife clung on for protection. It was pitch dark on a cold foggy night in the mid days of December. We were in search of somewhere to rest our staggering and lost bodies. My wife and I had been walking for miles through this never ending cursed old forest. Every step we made on the thin and almost transparent layer of snow had a sudden fall and we heard the snap, crackle and crumble of the lanky branches, crisp leaves ND woodlouse infested logs.Winter was killing the forest. The trees were hunched over and their dead beat bark was blistering under the harsh weight of the freezing bitter quilt which strained their aching ancient backs. A tunnel had been formed. It was as if they were frail, vile and disfigured old men with a dozen spindly limbs to wrap around each other for dear life. The barred branches resembled a prison in my eyes. This endless tu nnel was hiding us from the crucial light of the evil eye, the moon. There were gaps in the endless arch so as to let the descending snow slowly all on to the path we were destined to walk.Suddenly as If out of nothingness appeared a red eyed beast at the top of the wretched, steep hill we were attempting to scale. The wolf approached us with her steaming breath and her head low to the ground as if she was ready for the pounce. If we had run she would have reacted with great violence, so we kept our bodies and expressions as lifeless as a china doll. Her eyes were glowing Like a fire replenishing itself; the eyes of a burning demon. Her coat was as grey as the fog that surrounded s, the beast froze corpse still, silent and motionless.Frantically I dropped the limb and clambered up the rest of the steep hill. Was I dreaming? Supernatural or what!! Terribly frightened I ran on. How could this have happened? Sprinting down the other side of the hill where this terrible happening occurr ed, I tripped. It was not the Inconvenient obstacle of a root or a branch that brought me to fall but something else, something Invisible and evil. I plummeted, momentarily seeing the bloody detached leg of my Innocent wife. Falling ND rolling to where the two hills meet, centre of the haunted vale where the water runs deep and fierce.It was where I was to find the rest of my wife's limbless, battered body drained of blood by an evil split. A terror. I will avenge my poor darling wife Margarita's death. Creative writing, Gothic By thwarted Suddenly as if out of nothingness appeared a red eyed beast at the top of the expressions as lifeless as a china doll. Her eyes were glowing like a fire replenishing the deep fog was thickening. It came to the point were we were blind in that we could As the fog drifted on I noticed that we were no longer in the presence of the vicious wolf.

P2 and M1 for communication Essay

There are a wide range of skills we can use to communicate for example we send, receive, and process huge numbers of messages every day. But communication is about more than just exchanging information; it’s also about understanding the emotion behind the information. Communication can improve relationships at home, work, and in social situations by deepening your connections to others and improving teamwork and decision-making. It enables you to communicate even negative or difficult messages without creating conflict or destroying trust. Communication combines a set of skills including nonverbal communication, attentive listening, the ability to manage stress in the moment, and the capacity to recognize and understand your own emotions and those of the person you’re communicating with Argyles theory, communication cycle has six different stages that help you communicate you ideas.it also takes into consideration how you put your ideas across e.g. body language. An idea occurs, you have an idea that you want to communicate. Message coded, you think about how you are going to say what you are thinking. You put your thoughts into language or sing language. Message sent, you speak, sign, write or in some other way send a message. Message perceived, the other person has a sense of your message. They hear you words or see your symbols. Message decoded, the other person understands your message or what you have just said. This may not always be easy as they may make assumptions about your words and body language e.g. for example you went to the doctors and the doctor asked what wrong and you reply saying ‘I have a constant pain in my ear’. The doctor would need to keep the conversation going by rephrasing the question to something like so it’s your ear that’s hurting? This is to make sure you understood or got the right answer. Message understood, if all goes well your ideas will be understood. Argyles theory, communication cycle is a very useful thing to use when trying to communicate to sensitive patients. The communication cycle is a very useful cycle as it makes sure that you don’t say anything insensitive or hurtful to the person who is meant to be receiving the information. the communication cycle is also useful because there are a wide range of stages to help you communicate with others which helps you send someone information with them understanding what you are saying for example a doctor telling a patient when there next appointment is they could use the cycle to help them give the patient the information. But what do you think? Here is a diagram  of Argyles theory. Tuckmans theory In Tuckmans theory explains that as the team enters each stage they develop maturity, ability, relationships and the leader changes leadership style to fit in with the group.it also allows the team to look at the stages to see what stage they’re currently at. There are five different individual stages forming, storming, norming, performing and adjouring.Tuckmans stages are all necessary and inevitable in order for the team to grow, to face up to challenges, to tackle problems, to find solutions, to plan work, and to deliver results. Forming, the team is assembled and the task is allocated. The team members rend to behave independently as they don’t know each other and may feel intimidated. Individuals are also gathering information and impressions about eachother. Storming, the team starts to progress, addressing the task by suggesting ideas. Relationships may also be starting to develop. It is also essential that a team has a strong leadership. Depending on the culture of the organisation and individuals the conflict will be more or less supressed. As the team starts to move out of the storming stage they will enter the norming stage. This tends to be a step forward by the team agreeing on the rules and values by which they operate. By now the team should start to trust each other. After the arguments, they now have a better understanding of eachother and are able to appreciate each other’s skills and experience. Performing, at this stage the group will be filled with enthusiasm. The team will be able to function as a unit as they find ways to get the job done smoothly and effectively without inappropriate conflict. Some people don’t get up to this stage Adjouring, when team members are proud of what they have achieved and happy to have belonged together but at the same time they recognise that it is time to move on.tuckmans theory is a very useful theory as it gives you a range of information about team building, group skills and there stages. Overall, Tuckman’s Stages is a balanced group effort. And also shows how they’re progressing by maturing and building relationships. Here is a diagram of Tuckmans theory. Personally I think argyles theory is more effective and important than  Tuckmans theory as he gives you a load of communication skills to help you give people information. so it’s more than likely that the other person will understand the information they’re receiving. I don’t think Tuckmans theory is more important than Argyles because in Tuckmans theory he doesn’t give you much information about communication. But both theories are effective and are useful. Effective communication and interaction play an important role in the work of all health and social care professionals. For example, care professionals need to be able to use a range of communication and interaction skills in order to: work inclusively with people of different ages and diverse backgrounds, respond appropriately to the variety of care-related problems and individual needs of people who use care services, enable people to feel relaxed and secure enough to talk openly, establish trusting relationships with colleagues and people who use care services, ask sensitive and difficult questions, and obtain information about matters that might be very personal and sensitive. Nurses may have used their communication and interaction skills to find out about the symptoms of your health problems or may have given you advice or guidance on some aspect of your health behaviour or lifestyle. website Date Time http://www.studymode.com/essays/p-2-Discuss-The-2-Theories-1360439.html 29/09/2013 23:15 http://www.studymode.com/essays/Argyles-Communication-Cycle-And-Tuckman’s-Interaction-1092710.html 29/09/2013 23:19

30 Rhetorical Devices †And How to Use Them

30 Rhetorical Devices - And How to Use Them 30 Rhetorical Devices - And How to Use Them Rhetorical devices are as useful in writing as they are in life. Also known as persuasive devices, stylistic devices, or simply rhetoric, rhetorical devices are techniques or language used  to convey a point or convince an audience. And they're used by everyone - politicians, businesspeople, and even, you guessed it, your favorite novelists.You may already know some of them: similes, metaphors, onomatopoeia. Others, maybe not (bdelygmia, we’re talking to you). But at the end of the day, you’ve probably run into all of these devices some time or another. Perhaps, you’ve even used them yourself. And if you haven’t, don’t let their elaborate Greek names fool you - they’re pretty easy to implement, too. But before you dive in, let’s identify the different categories of rhetorical devices out there.Types of Rhetorical DevicesAlthough there exists plenty of overlap between rhetorical and literary devices, there’s one significant d ifference between the two. While the latter are employed to express ideas with artistic depth, rhetoric is designed to appeal to one’s sensibilities in four specific ways:Logos, an appeal to logic;Pathos, an appeal to emotion;Ethos, an appeal to ethics; or,Kairos, an appeal to time.These categories haven’t changed since the Ancient Greeks first identified them thousands of years ago. This makes sense, however, because the ways we make decisions haven’t changed, either: with our brain, our heart, our morals, or the feeling that we’re running out of time. What's the difference between rhetorical and literary devices? Find out here. So without further ado, here is a list of rhetorical devices designed to tug at those strings, and convince a listener to give you what you want - or a reader to continue reading your book. (Source: 20th Century Fox)Wham! Pow! Crunch! These are all examples of onomatopoeia, a word for a sound that phonetically resembles the sound itself. Which means the finale of the 1966 Batman is the most onomatopoeic film scene of all time.24) PersonificationIt’s a lot easier for humans to understand a concept when it’s directly related to them. And since rhetoric is used to convey your point more effectively, there’s naturally a rhetorical device for that: personification, which assigns human characteristics to an abstract concept.Personification is present in almost all forms of literature, especially mythology, where concepts like war, love, and wisdom are given humanity in the form of gods such as Ares, Venus, Saraswati. But anthropomorphism, which assigns human characteristics to animals, is almost as common, in everything from Peter Rabbit and Winnie-the-Pooh to The Hobbit and Watership Down.25) PleonasmDid you know that being redundant can actually be rhet orically useful? Certain words are so overused that they’ve lost meaning - darkness, nice, etc. However, â€Å"black darkness† or â€Å"pleasantly nice† reinvigorate that meaning, even if the phrases are technically redundant. Redundant phrases like these are called pleonasms, and they are persuasively rhetorical.26) Rhetorical comparisonsSome of the most prevalent rhetorical devices are figures of speech that compare one thing to another. Two of these, you surely know: the simile and the metaphor.  But there is a third, hypocatastasis, that is just as common†¦ and useful.The distinctions between the three are pretty simple. A simile compares two things explicitly: â€Å"You are like a monster.† A metaphor compares them by asserting that they’re the same: â€Å"You are a monster.† And with hypocatastasis, the comparison itself is implied: â€Å"Monster!†If you can't get enough rhetorical comparisons, check out these 90+ exampl es of metaphors in literature and pop culture!27) Rhetorical questionYou’ve probably heard of a rhetorical question, too: a question asked to make a point rather than to be answered. Technically, this figure of speech is called interrogatio, but there are plenty of other rhetorical devices that take the form of questions.If you pose a rhetorical question just to answer it yourself, that’s anthypophora (or hypophora†¦ they mean the same thing). And if your rhetorical question infers or asks for a large audience’s opinion (â€Å"Friends, Romans, countrymen Did this in Caesar seem ambitious?†) that’s anacoenosis - though it generally doesn’t warrant an answer, either. Do you know the three different types of rhetorical questions? 28) SynecdocheYou know how a square is a rectangle, but a rectangle isn’t necessarily a square? If you referred to all rectangles as â€Å"squares,† you’d have a synecdoche: a rhetorical device in which part of one thing is used to represent its whole. This differs slightly from metonymy, which refers to one thing by something related to it that is nevertheless not part of it. If you referred to an old king as â€Å"greybeard,† that would be the former. If you referred to him as â€Å"the crown,† it would be the latter.29) TmesisHave you ever, in a fit of outrage, referred to something un-effing-believable? If you have, congratulations on discovering a surprisingly useful rhetorical device: tmesis, the separation of one word into two parts, with a third word placed in between for emphasis.30) ZeugmaZeugma, often used synonymously with syllepsis, is a grammatical trick that can be used rhetorically as well: placing two nouns with very different meani ngs in the same position in a sentence. Mark Twain was a master at this:â€Å"They covered themselves with dust and glory."This might feel a bit like a list of fancy names for things you already do. If so, that’s great! You’re already well on your way to mastering the art of rhetoric. And, now that you know the specifics, you can take the next step: implementing it in your writing and swaying readers onto your side.Leave any thoughts or questions about rhetorical devices in the comments below!

The Impact of New Media and Social Networking on Entertainment the Entertainment Industry

The Impact of New Media and Social Networking on Entertainment the Entertainment Industry On 14th of February, 2005, the entertainment industry entered a new era that would henceforth change its future. On that Valentine’s Day, Youtube.com was registered on whois.com. Six months later, the social site was launched and since then, it has continued to shape the interpersonal interaction between people in different parts of the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of New Media and Social Networking on Entertainment the Entertainment Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From that time, many other social media sites have been launched in the market, in effect altering the experiences of consumers with regard to television, film, and music (Belloni 2012). Social media has significantly influenced the tastes and preferences of consumers in the world market. Most contemporary consumers base their consumption and spending behaviours on global conversations taking place over the internet an d such other social media (Schultz, Block Labrecque 2012). Furthermore, the activities of people on social network sites influence their decision making processes, as well as their behaviour. In this regard, studying the behaviour of consumers and underlying motivational factors can assist organisations in finding out how they can design their programs and corporate strategies (Andzulis, Panagopoulos Rapp 2012). The current essay is written against this backdrop. The major objective of the essay is to determine how social networking and new media have impacted the entertainment industry in general and the filmmaking industry in particular. A social networking service refers to an online site, platform, or service, whose main objective is to create social relations or social networks among different persons. The networking service targets individuals who share activities, interests, real-life connections, or backgrounds. The service takes into consideration, among others, the indiv idual’s personal profile and their social links in the society. Social networking services and platforms keep the members connected to each other. They give them the opportunity to keep in touch in real time over the worldwide web through, among others, instant messaging services (IM) and e-mails. The sites allow people to share their ideas, events, interests, and activities within the network.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are various social networking sites available today. The three most popular social networking sites are Facebook, Twitter, and Google Plus, all of which are based in the United States of America (Scott 2010). According to Belloni (2012), 47 per cent of all Americans are members of social networking sites. Some individuals are members of more than one networking site. For example, an individual may have an account with Facebook, and another account with Twitter. New media is a term used to describe on-demand content access. The consumer is able to access the content from anywhere and at anytime through the use of a digital device, such as a computer or a phone. The consumers can access the content through community formation, user feedback, and creative participation with such content (Scott 2010). Sago (2010) provides another definition of the term ‘new media’. The scholar is of the view that the concept can be used to refer to the creation of unregulated content. According to Sago (2010), new media technologies are expected to be digital, interactive, compressible, dense, and networkable. The user should also be able to manipulate such technologies. The various technologies include the internet, computer multimedia, websites, CD-ROMS, DVDs, and video games. Television programs, magazines, feature films, books, and paper-based publications do not constitute new media (Brogan 2010). According t o an exclusive poll conducted by the Penn Schoen Berland research firm, 88% of individuals regard such social networks as Twitter and Facebook as forms of entertainment (Godley 2012). In addition, the research highlighted that listening to music and social networking is the major form of Generation-C entertainment. Bruce, Foutz Kolsarici (2012) note that social media is like a connective tissue that helps consumers to connect with each other and share their opinions on different entertainment experiences. Moreover, 83 per cent of viewers connected to TV search the internet as they watch television programs, while 41 per cent tweet about what they are watching. Brogan (2010) is of the view that in its own capacity, social networking is an online reality show.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of New Media and Social Networking on Entertainment the Entertainment Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ther e has been a long controversy about the influence of digital media. However, it is clear that digital media has the ability to change the behaviour of a person. For instance, people who are tweeting about movies determine the behaviour of their Tweeter followers. That is why a third of all connected TV consumers go to a theatre to watch a movie after reading posts on social network sites (Manjoo 2011). Sago (2010) reported that horror movies and other genres targeted at young people are the largest beneficiaries of social networking publicity. For instance, 8 per cent of all the respondents included in the Penn Schoen Berland survey watched Paranormal Activity 3 after being influenced by online posts and conversations (Godley 2012). On the basis of findings made in psychological studies, the behaviour patterns associated with social commerce are determined by social proof or the fear of missing out (FOMO) (Sago 2010). Another interesting finding is how social networking tends to enh ance the entertainment experience in the theatre. Nowadays, almost all movie theatres have to plead with movie goers to avoid using mobile phones in the theatre as the movie goes on. There are two reasons for that: the sound distraction caused by ringing phones and the light distraction from the phones, which affects the darkened room (Lipsman, Mud, Rich Bruich 2012). A recent study has, however, found that social networking is prevalent during both home and theatre movie watching times (Jamar 2012). The study found that 56 per cent of people who go to the movies have sent a text during one or more movies. The study also reported that most of the people aged between 18 and 34 years believe that the use of social network in the theatre (as they watch a movie) enhances their experience in the movie theatre. Close to half of the persons interviewed pointed out that they would choose a theatre that allows web surfing and text messaging over those theatres that did not allow such activi ties. However, this behaviour is only observed among individuals aged between 18 and 34 years, but not among all consumers. The reason for this is because 75 per cent of individuals who were included in the Jamar (2012) reported that using mobile phones in the theatre distracts them. Furthermore, 21 per cent and 24 per cent of informants had posted on Twitter and Facebook, respectively, as they watched a movie in a theatre (Jamar 2012). Generation-C is often identified, falsely, as having a short concentration span. However, in most cases, they focus on many things at the same time, as long as these are things that fall under their list of interests. Individuals falling under the category of Generation-C are different.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Instead of working so hard to debunk the values of this generation, there should be an understanding of the role of multitasking in enhancing their experience. Lica Tuta (2011) found that the two most popular activities during social networking are watching TV programs (66%) and watching TV movies (50%). Eleven per cent of the respondents noted that they network as they watch movies in the theatre. The question is what these people do on social networks as they watch programs and movies. Evans (2008) found that social networking is a give and take affair because 33 per cent of people on social networks post their own thoughts and opinions, while 67 per cent are either reading or listening and responding to what others are saying. Television marketers are currently striving to determine how they can use social media to woo viewers. According to Johnson (2011), serendipity contributes in getting viewers to tunes of some of the most important news that broke on social media before air ing on the television or newspapers include the killing of Osama bin Laden (Twitter), the death of Whitney Houston (Twitter), and the Egyptian uprising (Facebook). In addition to television programs and movies, the peer-to-peer influence seems to have invaded all the other major forms of entertainment. Musicians are benefitting from posting their music on social networks, especially YouTube. In a study conducted by Filice Young (2011), 70 per cent of the respondents pointed out that they listen to music depending on what their peers are posting on social networks. In this regard, the fans of a certain musician have the duty to popularise his or her music on social media. One way of doing that is by sharing what they are listening by blogging, Facebooking, tweeting, or posting their videos on YouTube. Andzulis et al. (2012) compared the advantages and disadvantages of the two most popular social network sites, Facebook and Twitter, to the entertainment industry. Out of all the respo ndents included in the study, 98 per cent of were on Facebook, while 56 per cent were on Twitter. egarding daily visits, nine out of ten informants visited their Facebook account each day, while half of the respondents visited their Twitter accounts on a daily basis. Andzulis et al. (2012) asked the respondents what or who they followed on Facebook and Twitter, and they gave varying responses. Andzulis et al. (2012) made a very interesting observation from their study. They concluded that Twitter is the main social media site that people use to connect with others, while Facebook is the one that people use to connect with shows, movies, and brands. It is important for marketers to keep track of these developments. For example, they should analyse the way people are creating communities and fandoms online (Andzulis et al. 2012). Based on the behaviour of all consumers engaged in social networking and news media, it is the role of marketers to determine how the sites impact on consump tion of goods and services. Clark Roberts (2010) found that social media is significant in determining how people watch movies and share their experiences. However, the choice to purchase a movie still largely depends on the traditional marketing strategies of firms. Previews and trailers are the main determinants of whether a person buys a movie or not. The consumers can watch trailers on YouTube, movie websites, TV, or at the theatre. The previews and trailers influence about 40 per cent of the consumers, while TV adverts and word of mouth influence 20 percent and 18 percent of the consumers, respectively. The influence of social media is placed at 9 per cent (Bruce et al. 2012). In conclusion, it is important to note that new media and social networking have a significant impact on the entertainment industry. In particular, the two influence how people are watching movies and programs on the television, as well as how they are listening to music. In addition, social media have e merged as important sources of breaking news. Marketers can take advantage of the influence the new media and social networking services has on consumers. For example, by using social media, marketers can gather information on what consumers want by sneak-previewing their public conversations. References Andzulis, J Panagopoulos, N Rapp, A 2012, A review of social media and implications for the sales process, Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management, vol. 32 no. 3, pp. 305-316. Belloni, M 2012, The social media poll, Hollywood Reporter, vol. 418 no. 9, pp. 64-66. Brogan, C 2010, Social media 101: tactics and tips to develop your business online, Wiley, New York. Bruce, N Foutz, N Kolsarici, C 2012, Dynamic effectiveness of advertising and word of mouth in sequential distribution of new products, Journal of Marketing Research (JMR), vol. 49 no. 4, pp. 469-486. Clark, L Roberts, S 2010, Employer’s use of social networking sites: a socially irresponsible practice, Journa l of Business Ethics, vol. 95 no. 4, pp. 507-525. Evans, D 2008, Social media marketing: an hour a day, Wiley, New York. Filice, M Young, S 2011, From mainstage to movies to media: sustaining the live and performing arts through artistic convergence and the Balaban and Katz philosophy of continuous performance, International Journal of Arts Management, vol. 14 no. 2, pp. 48-56. Godley, C 2012, THRs social media poll: how Facebook and Twitter impact the entertainment industry, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/gallery/facebook-twitter-social-media-study-302273/1-social-media-as-entertainment. Goel, S Miesing, P Chandra, U 2010, The impact of illegal peer-to-peer file sharing on the media industry, California Management Review, vol. 52 no. 3, pp. 6-33. Hearing, G Ussery, B 2012, The times they are a changing the impact of technology and social media on the public workplace, Part I, Florida Bar Journal, vol. 86 no. 3, pp. 35-39. Hennig-Thurau, T Henning, V Sattler, H 2007, Consume r file sharing of motion pictures, Journal of Marketing, vol. 71 no. 4, pp. 1-18. Hettche, M Clayton, M 2012, Using social media to teach social media advertising: how to leverage student prior knowledge and word press blogs, Journal of Advertising Education, vol. 16 no. 1, pp. 45-55. Jamar, SD 2012, Copyright aspects of user-generated content in the internet social networking context, Journal of Internet Law, vol. 16 no. 5, pp. 3-13. Johnson, RL 2011, Corporate strategy and the social networking phenomena, Journal of Service Science (19414722), vol. 4 no. 2, pp. 1-10. Lica, L Tuta, M 2011, Predicting product performance with social media, Informatica Economica, vol. 15 no. 2, pp. 46-56. Lipsman, A Mud, G Rich, M Bruich, S 2012, The power of Like: how brands reach (and influence) fans through social-media marketing, Journal of Advertising Research, vol. 52 no. 1, pp. 40-52. Manjoo, F 2011, The great tech war of 2012, Fast Company, vol. 160, pp. 106-146. Sago, B 2010, The influenc e of social media message sources on millennial generation consumers, International Journal of Integrated Marketing Communications, vol. 2 no. 2, pp. 7-18. Schultz, D Block, M Labrecque, L 2012, Consumer retailer preference and facebook: friends or foes?, International Journal of Integrated Marketing Communications, vol. 4 no. 1, pp. 7-18. Scott, D 2010, The new rules of marketing and PR : how to use social media, blogs, news releases, online video, viral marketing to reach buyers directly, John Wiley Sons, London.

Demonstrating Leadership as a High School Sports Captain

There is no question that leading other people is not easy. Whether it means taking charge in a group project for school, putting together a fundraiser or a volunteer event, or even coordinating social plans on a Friday night, it can be at times difficult and time-consuming to try to get people to listen to you and work together to benefit the group as a whole. This being said, for all the trials and tribulations that one might have to go through in a leadership position, there are usually many benefits as well. This is certainly the case in high school sports. Becoming a team captain for your high school sports team can be a fulfilling experience that offers many professional and personal benefits. Read on to find out more about how you can set a model for leadership as a sports captain. Every sport is different in the amount of teamwork it requires, but even more individual sports teams (like wrestling and tennis) train together and have a certain team dynamic. Whether it is an individualized or a team sport, all sports can benefit from having a student leader, and so high school sports teams usually have a student captain. Many high school sports teams have a captain in addition to a professional coach because student athletes might have a better rapport with their teammates than an adult coach. Although a coach might be able to relate to students more than a teacher or another authority figure, there is no question that student captains will obviously have more common ground with other students. For students who are chosen to be captains, taking on a leadership position can also be helpful for college applications—admissions committees want to see students who are able to take on responsibility and work well with others.

(Alcohol) Cause and Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

(Alcohol) Cause and Effect - Essay Example They want to feel grown up. Another cause is that, strictly forbidding kids to touch alcohol increases the curiosity inside them. They turn out breaking the laws and standing liable for penalties. Studies have suggested that most teens drink out of their excitement that they get in breaking the law. Some disastrous effects of alcohol include affected brain activity, memory and concentration; increased emotional mood swings; inability to perceive the direction of sound; dysfunctional reproductive system; and, increased risk of breast cancer (Doheny). It also leads to affected driving leading to accidents, and family violence. Consumption of alcohol at a young age badly affects learning, memory, thinking capacity, judgment, and decision-making capability (StarTribune). To conclude, alcoholism starts due to peer pressure. It also tarts due to the fantasy that evokes due to strict prohibition. However, considering so many bad effects associated with drinking, it is wise to prohibit the consumption of alcohol at a very young

Logistics Policy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Logistics Policy - Research Paper Example rategic design of structures and policies, as well as decision making dwelling on material and information flows, fashioned at supporting and enhancing competitive advantage (Waters, 2003). Strategic decisions hinge on aspects such as warehouses, distribution centres, as well as transportation modes to be employed. The logistics industry has undergone massive changes in recent decades, especially in areas of integration of information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, packaging, material handling, and security; it is no longer home-based and functions in a global market. The North America Free Trade Agreement involves U.S., Canada, and Mexico, and entails harmonization of the members’ logistics policies and procedures, as well as making logistics systems interoperable. The size of U.S. economy and its geographical location have motivated the United States in taking a factual leadership position in matters regarding facilitation of intermodal logistics and transport within the region, inclusive of cross-border facilitation. The move towards a unified and interconnected modal system has been critical in the growth of logistics systems. Benefits arising from an integrated intermodal system include lower transport costs, lower environmental impact, enhanced national productivity, and efficiency. Intermodal transport and logistics is mainly driven by the industry via its search for the low cost solutions. Other factors playing a part include market deregulation and competition between shippers and carriers, which lead to a reduction in transport-related transaction costs for business (Murphy & Wood, 2010). The global sourcing of parts, goods and services, and raw materials has heightened the importance of logistic networks. Besides, trends towards internationalization and innovation have enhanced the need for organizations to be more alert and receptive to the contextual changes. The evolving trends in the creation of an international logistics hub demands

Simventure business report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Simventure business report - Essay Example In the process of using the process of using this application the user will have the chance of viewing business from a wider perspective and in the process acquire strategic mindset which is a prerequisite to modern day business. Under SimVenture simulation, people who think innovatively and laterally beyond their area of specialization are greatly valued. Life long learners who are adaptive are able to fast thinking through the learning process. Increasingly, organizations seek critical thinkers with insight and the ability to reflect. In today’s business team players with the ability to discern social cues and respond accordingly to those cues are in great demand, this simulation helps in inculcating this skills. This learning experience encourages proper financial management and efficient time utilization; this eventually leads to robust financial gains. There should be an organized effort to gather information about customers and the prevailing markets. Marketing activities within the simulation have different levels of effectiveness, depending upon which target segment is selected. Information on how effective the activity will be in reaching the different segments is available in some cases, such as Advertising, giving percentages to guide the user in selecting an appropriate method to reach their chosen market segment. Generally a broad approach will help to reach a greater percentage of the chosen market segment and will result in a high number of enquiries being generated. (Thatcher 1990) This is a crucial business activity for any business entrepreneur. Analysis of the competitors is an ongoing process which will give a clear understanding of the weakness and the strengths of the competitor. Some of the benefits of conducting a competitive research include better targeting of customers, better understanding of the markets, proper forecasting of the potentials of the market and

Darwinism vs creationism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Darwinism vs creationism - Research Paper Example Darwinism focuses primarily on science and is explained through scientific methodology (Witham, 2002). Additionally, biological evolution focuses intently on changes existent in living organisms during their life span. The biological theory explains comprehensively that living organisms share common ancestry and in the fullness of time, evolutionary alterations result in the development of new species. On the other hand, the creationism theory focuses primarily on the notions of creation science. The theory derives from the conviction of a vast majority of Abrahemic religions, which poise that God created the universe, which includes humans and all living organisms all at the same time in the fairly the recent past. This paper will contrast Darwinism and creationism, appreciating both theories’ most prominent assumptions as they relate to the origin of life. Creationists argue that all living beings started out as diverse and individual organisms when God created them. Creatio nism also does not hold the opinion that organisms alter into complete distinct and different animals via evolution. For instance, creationists do not accept as true the idea that single-celled organisms evolved into extremely complex plants and animals, with man eventually evolving into Homo sapiens. Notably, while creationism is not necessarily a scientific theory, creationists continually make use of scientific evidence in order to support their basic argument that it is impossible to prove Darwinism scientifically since Darwinism goes contrary to creationism (Witham, 2002). In addition to condemning evolution, creationists also seek scientific evidence of their own in order to buttress the creation description in Genesis. However, this is highly problematic since it means that creationists cross the bounds between science and religion by attempting to entangle the two origins. This is an extremely ineffective pairing since religion has no proof-giving capacity but science does. Scientists are presently doing the same. Initially, scientists remained in their own realm regarding the origin of life. However, even after arguing that the evolution theory can be proven, scientists are still going contrary to the Bible in order to affirm that the Bible provides a false account. This means that scientists who abide by the Darwinism theory are also crossing the bounds to argue against creationism. Creation science, which affirms the belief that God created the universe, as well as creatures found in it, is essentially not a science since creation by God or other divine beings do not provide concrete scientific rationalizations regarding the origin of life (Witham, 2002). Instead, the creationism theory is an explanation consistent with religious beliefs that an intelligent creator (God) exists and created the entire universe. Creationists attempt to assert this concept, as well as other Biblical stories, by appraising them on scientific grounds. For example, geolog ists attempted to explain all the universe’s geological features with regard to Noah’s flood. To date, no other book apart from the Bible has had more momentous effects on the Western world than the Origins of Species by Charles Darwin. Darwin is renowned for his theories of natural selection and evolution that are presently known as Darwinism. At the moment, evolution is referred to as the alteration of simple forms of life to higher ones as theorized by Darwin (Morris, 1974). Darwin utilized the term evolution for the first time

The impact on globalization in hospitality industry Essay

The impact on globalization in hospitality industry - Essay Example What is the impact of global marketing with regard to positioning and branding? The complexity of globalization is presented here as the positive and negative effects, implication to local government’s tourism policies and marketing strategies of the hospitality industry. Globalization has encouraged all kinds of people from all over the world to visit places of interest, to make business, study or to take a leisure vacation. As such, it is not rare to find different races of people gather in a place. What is the implication of this? This eliminates discrimination, brings cultural interaction and makes them understand each other. A friendly environment is created regardless of the color of skin. This gives an opportunity to managers of the hospitality industry to prepare a marketing plan that would suit to the individual culture and preferences of guests for a more profitable tourism. It makes managers understand different cultures. (scribd.com) Purposes of travel of people have increased the market base for the whole industry, as now, people travel not only for holidays, but for other reasons too. In India, statistics show an annual 13% growth rate in tourism. In 2006, tourists’ number is 4 million as compared to 2.06 million in 2002. (India tourism, statistics and figure 2004) Tourists’ arrival in China is 21 million in 2009. From this figure, a large number of tourists come from Asia, followed by travelers from Europe, and then visitors from America. Asian visitors go to China for sightseeing and leisure as the first priority, meeting business second reason, to work as third and, visiting relatives as last purpose. . (China National Tourist Office) As visitors come in to a tourist destination, they spend money that causes a multiplier effect in the economy. It has contributed to the GDP of countries; China, for instance has a total of approximately 5,201 hotels, a growth of nearly 20% since 1996. This represents a total of

Simventure business report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Simventure business report - Essay Example In the process of using the process of using this application the user will have the chance of viewing business from a wider perspective and in the process acquire strategic mindset which is a prerequisite to modern day business. Under SimVenture simulation, people who think innovatively and laterally beyond their area of specialization are greatly valued. Life long learners who are adaptive are able to fast thinking through the learning process. Increasingly, organizations seek critical thinkers with insight and the ability to reflect. In today’s business team players with the ability to discern social cues and respond accordingly to those cues are in great demand, this simulation helps in inculcating this skills. This learning experience encourages proper financial management and efficient time utilization; this eventually leads to robust financial gains. There should be an organized effort to gather information about customers and the prevailing markets. Marketing activities within the simulation have different levels of effectiveness, depending upon which target segment is selected. Information on how effective the activity will be in reaching the different segments is available in some cases, such as Advertising, giving percentages to guide the user in selecting an appropriate method to reach their chosen market segment. Generally a broad approach will help to reach a greater percentage of the chosen market segment and will result in a high number of enquiries being generated. (Thatcher 1990) This is a crucial business activity for any business entrepreneur. Analysis of the competitors is an ongoing process which will give a clear understanding of the weakness and the strengths of the competitor. Some of the benefits of conducting a competitive research include better targeting of customers, better understanding of the markets, proper forecasting of the potentials of the market and

The impact on globalization in hospitality industry Essay

The impact on globalization in hospitality industry - Essay Example What is the impact of global marketing with regard to positioning and branding? The complexity of globalization is presented here as the positive and negative effects, implication to local government’s tourism policies and marketing strategies of the hospitality industry. Globalization has encouraged all kinds of people from all over the world to visit places of interest, to make business, study or to take a leisure vacation. As such, it is not rare to find different races of people gather in a place. What is the implication of this? This eliminates discrimination, brings cultural interaction and makes them understand each other. A friendly environment is created regardless of the color of skin. This gives an opportunity to managers of the hospitality industry to prepare a marketing plan that would suit to the individual culture and preferences of guests for a more profitable tourism. It makes managers understand different cultures. (scribd.com) Purposes of travel of people have increased the market base for the whole industry, as now, people travel not only for holidays, but for other reasons too. In India, statistics show an annual 13% growth rate in tourism. In 2006, tourists’ number is 4 million as compared to 2.06 million in 2002. (India tourism, statistics and figure 2004) Tourists’ arrival in China is 21 million in 2009. From this figure, a large number of tourists come from Asia, followed by travelers from Europe, and then visitors from America. Asian visitors go to China for sightseeing and leisure as the first priority, meeting business second reason, to work as third and, visiting relatives as last purpose. . (China National Tourist Office) As visitors come in to a tourist destination, they spend money that causes a multiplier effect in the economy. It has contributed to the GDP of countries; China, for instance has a total of approximately 5,201 hotels, a growth of nearly 20% since 1996. This represents a total of

Barbie Doll by Marge Piercy Essay Example for Free

Barbie Doll by Marge Piercy Essay The poem, Barbie Doll, is about a girl who was growing up in a society which regard highly of female beauty. The title illustrates that most females were expected to be like Barbie dolls. These dolls cast pressure on the girl to be like supermodel. In this story, the girl failed to meet the standards of society and viewed as a social outcast.The first paragraph describes a growing girl who was presented with dolls, miniature GE stoves, irons and lipsticks. This will ensure that the girl will know which gender roles she should be and not too deviate from the accepted social custom. The mood of the poem changes when the author describes, the magic of puberty. Here, it refers to a time of emotional crisis that the girl went through as she matures. She is constantly teased for not looking like the typical Barbie dolls. The second paragraph began with mentioning the girls positive aspects, such as She was healthy, tested intelligent, possesses strong arms and back and abundant sexual drive and manual dexterity, These sentences portray the girl image (female) to male characteristics. The tome in the poem changes again when the author stated, the girl went to and fro apologizing, and everyone still say she had a fat nose and thick legs, the society again, scorn at the ugly appearance of the girl. In the third paragraph, line twelve to sixteen, the girl is expected to fake her natural behavior, emotion and characteristics. The fan belt was used to exemplify that one cannot endure the pressure placed by society to meet their standards and will wear out eventually. Consequently, she cut off her nose and legs. Therefore, the last paragraph expressed her death as consummation at last. Dont she look pretty? Everyone said. In this line, the author wants the reader to make good judgment to the senseless situation in which society judge beauty to female. I think that children, especially boys, are not born with hatred or feelings of enmity towards female who have physical figures below social standards. They are all programmed that way by selfish or ignorant male adults. If these male adults can only take a look at themselves and see that all they have done is to destroy. The lives of their opposite sex, driving down their  self-esteem to the deepest pit, then this society will be a better place to live in.

Counselling Rape Survivors

Counselling Rape Survivors According to the Home Office findings, Rape is defined as ‘forced to have sexual intercourse (Vaginal or anal penetration)’. The legal definition stipulates it to be ‘penile’. In general terms, rape is an act of aggression and violence against another; it is not an act of sex but is one of specifically dominance and power. Key points of the findings of the Research, Development andStatistics directorate of the Home Office published in 2002 are listedbelow. 0.4% of women aged 16 to 59 in England and Wales said they hadbeen raped in the year preceding the 2000 BCS, an estimated 61,000victims. 0.9% of women said they had been subject to some form ofsexual victimization (including rape) in this period. Around 1 in 20women (4.9%) said they had been raped since age 16, an estimated 754,000 victims. About 1 in 10 women (9.7%) said they had experiencedsome form of sexual victimisation (including rape) since age 16. Age is the biggest risk factor for experiencing sexual victimisation; women aged 16 to 24 were more likely to say they had been sexually victimised in the last year than older women. Women are most likely tobe sexually attacked by men they know in some way, most often partners(32%) or acquaintances (22%). Current partners (at the time of theattack) were responsible for 45% of rapes reported to the survey.Strangers were responsible for only 8% of rapes reported to the survey.18% of incidents of sexual victimisation reported to the survey came to the attention of the police; the police came to know about 20% of rapes. 32% of women who reported rape were ‘very satisfied’ with theway the police handled the matter, 22% were very dissatisfied. Lessthan two-thirds (60%) of female rape victims were prepared toself-classify their experience as ‘rape’ and less than three-quarters(70%) of women who self-classified themselves as having been victims of ‘attempted r ape’. Amnesty international reported that there were 14,000 recorded rapesin 2003 and 11,441 recorded rapes in 2002, representing a 8% increase.According to the Home Office, in the year ending March 2003, the totalnumber of sexual offences recorded by police in England Wales was 48,654, a 17% rise over the previous year. A victim of rape feels the fight or flight response that humans have built-in; which means that when the incident is over, one is leftwith a feeling of devastation, exhaustion, confusion, sadness, etc. The lingering psychological disorder is called Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The most effective therapeutic approach for long-term,severe PSTD appears to be talking treatment sessions with a clinicalpsychologist, in which the person is encouraged to talk through theirexperiences in detail. This may involve behavioural or cognitivetherapeutic approaches. Antidepressants may also be prescribed torelieve concurrent depression, a common feature in survivors, andenable the person to get the most out of any psychological treatment.Counselling may be helpful too in the early stages of recovery,particularly from counsellors experienced in the treatment of PTSD. Before we go into detail on counselling for rape survivors, it is essential to take into account the effectiveness of counselling in general. According to the Department of Health (2001), Counselling hasbeen defined as â€Å" a systematic process which gives individuals anopportunity to explore, discover and clarify ways of living moreresourcefully, with a greater sense of well-being †. The use ofcounselling as a means of responding to people in distress and turmoilhas been increasing rapidly in recent years. This has generated adebate on the effectiveness of counselling process itself. The methodsof evaluation of effectiveness is also highly controversial. Theconcerns in the qualitative and quantitative evaluation is discussed indetail later. Bondi summarises from her reports on controlled trials conducted inhealth care settings. They seem to indicate that counselling is aneffective intervention, clinically and economically. Its costs andbenefits are broadly comparable to those of antidepressant medication. Moreover, it seems to be a popular choice with many patients. Cautionis sometimes attached to the results of these trials. This may be dueto the fact that it only involves a small trial when compared to thelarge trial group of medication. Studies of counselling in othersettings indicate a high level of satisfaction among clients. Bondialso writes that there is good evidence to suggest that counselling hasa capacity to reduce demand on psychiatric services. This is becausecounselling prevents less serious problems from becoming more seriousand helps people to maintain reasonably good levels of mental health. Choice of treatment of survivors of rape has been one of increasing significance within health care and also highlights the need toconsider factors other than clinical and cost-effectiveness.Counselling is not the only form of talking treatment available. Otherforms of talking treatment include psychotherapy, cognitive behaviourtherapy, self-help groups and support groups. Counselling attaches a great significance to the autonomy of the victim and therefore it cannot be administered to the unwilling. The success of counselling, therefore, depends on active participation. For counsellingof rape victims, feelings caused by abuse may be quite overwhelming and difficult to deal with. The Department of Health (2001) has recommended counselling as one of the types of psychological therapy for depression, anxiety, panic disorder, social anxiety and phobias andpost traumatic disorders. These problems can be mainly related tosurvivors of rape. The National Center for Victims of Crime (2004) recommends that counselling can help cope with the physical and emotional reactions to the sexual assault or rape, as well as provide necessary information about medical and criminal justice system procedures. According to the reports by the Brunel University (2005) on sexual abuse and rape, sharing experiences in a safe, understanding and confidential setting may help to manage their feelings by being heard and taken seriously.   Counselling enables to make sense of the present, in relation to the past.   Some survivors of sexual abuse maybe plagued by memories in the form of distressing flashbacks, mental images or nightmares.   Talking about the images and memories while being heard and supported will often ease the problem.   It may beeasier to share incidents and feelings with a professional counsellorconfidential, rather than a friend. Some people prefer to talk to ahelpline so they do not have to face the person they are disclosing to.    According to Bondi’s summary of her studies on the effectiveness ofcounselling that sceptics often voice doubts of counselling because itappears to involve nothing other than one (or two people) â€Å"chatting† toa counsellor. However, in spite of these doubts, communication takesplace when counselling is effected, whereby a special kind ofrelationship is developed between the counsellor and the victim. Bondiattributes this to the fact that human beings are social creaturescapable of connecting with others. It is worth to note that allapproaches to counselling share a commitment to apply insights andunderstandings about the importance of these connections to offertherapeutically effective relationships. Impacts of counselling on rape survivors often depends on the development of a helpful working relationship between the counsellor and survivor.   According to the STAR findings, some women feel nervous and unenthusiastic about seeing a counsellor. Therefore, it is essential that they feel relaxed and comfortable to be able to talk freely. Setting up of a pace comfortable for the victim is important as it recognises the interlinked nature of people’s lives (Skinner andTaylor,   Home Office report 51/04).   According to Bernes (2005), effective counselling leading to a good counsellor-victim relationship follows the following dynamics. They are an emotionally charged, confiding relationship between the patient and therapist; warmth, support and attention from the therapist in a healing setting; a positive therapeutic alliance between patient and therapist; a new rationale or conceptual scheme offered with confidence by the therapist; the passage of time; installation of hope and expectancy and finally techniques consistent with patient expectation and efficacy. Common process strategies in counselling include gathering sufficient information, listening well and with understanding, helping the individual reflect and gain insight, helping in decision-making and goal setting, and providing options and ideas for client consideration (Korhonen). According to the Home Office reports on the STAR scheme, the data collected from the survey did not give any indications that anyone counselling technique works better than another.   Methods likedrawing or making lists of feelings, events, concerns and workingthrough them were found to be effective by some rape survivors. Some found making plans for the future, for example, symbolic moves such aschanging the dà ©cor of the room seemed to indicate a new phase in their lives.   Others indicated that a flexible integrated approach with respect, a respectful politeness, support and even the smiling face of the counsellors seemedto have helped them. The need for administering couna respectful, supportive and caring environment is also essential. Also, them cope development of a programme of work that enabled them to look at themselves in a logical, positive and respective manner athem cope with their emotions and move forward at their own pace is essential. The university of Dundee has introduced a computer counsellingtechnique called ‘ENHANCE’ for rape victims. Often, women who have been raped find it hard to talk about their feelings and research evidence shows that in sensitive and potentially embarrassing areas of human functioning, some people may find it easier to talk openly to acomputer. ENHANCE,   a computer based facility which includes a diaryfacility for free writing, a visualisation tool to describe feelingsand graphic manipulation and exploration, an information base to accessa range of supportive information, leaflets and contacts and the optionof what to destroy or save it for later reference. Further work is being done to develop ENHANCE and the researchers feel that their workcan be transferred to other agencies in future. Furthermore, it is inan early stage to be assessed for effectiveness. Computer counselling is, therefore, new and brings to attention to the fact there is very few online support avail able for rape survivors. This can be a good sourceof data for qualitative research as it reduces some of its ethical risks which are discussed in detail later.  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is very difficult to assess the effectiveness of counselling forrape survivors as due to the dilemmas in relation to the ethicalpractises of counselling, training and qualifications of counsellors and the evaluation of counselling and little published information.Counselling services are offered in a wide range of settings, which influences the kind of outcomes (Bondi). Bondi, in her review ofdifferent counselling orientations writes that similar effects may beusually reported. This is consistent with the argument that it is thequality of the therapeutic relationships offered by the counsellorswhich determine the effectiveness of counselling.   Effectiveness of rape counselling can be studied by either qualitativeor quantitative research. McLeod (2000) reports from his paperpresented at the 8th Annual International Counselling, University of Durham that counselling in Britain at the beginning of the twenty-first century does not have a clear vision of the role of research. It is worth mentioning that very few studies have focussed on research methods to measure effectiveness of counselling for rape victims. McLeod also reports that, in general, published studies of counsellingand therapy in dominated by quantitative research like up to 95%. Ingeneral, cultural assumptions are concerned with the development ofmethods that are valid and reliable.   Quantitative research reduceshuman experience and action to variables. Hypothesis are framed interms of the relationships between these variables, which can often beinterpreted a rational voice allowing no expression of feeling orpersonal experience (McLoad, 2000).   There has been no reports  relating to quantitative research on counselling for rape. Qualitative research has been used lately in the health care settingsand voluntary organisation for rape survivors. Qualitative research refers to research conducted in an interpretive or critical tradition. Research conducted in this tradition generally includes ethnographies, naturalistic observation or intensive interviewing studies, and usessome type of content analysis of words or texts to generate themes, which summarize the results of the study. The goals of qualitative research are not usually to generalize from the findings to some largertruth, but rather to explore or generate truths for the particular sample of individuals studied or to generate new theories. There is often an emphasis in qualitative research on perception or livedexperience.  There   are quite a few ethical concerns in qualitative research of assessing the effectiveness of counselling of rape victims.   Knapik (2002)in his paper summarises the ethical concerns of qualitative researchwhich mainly rev olve around an assessment of benefit versus harm,confidentiality, duality of roles, and informed consent   It is oftenassumed that qualitative data does not involve physical manipulation orintrusive procedures on victims. But it can pose certain risks to the victims.   Moleski and Kiselica (2005) highlight the dangers of a dual or multiplerelationships between the counsellor and victim. During research involving in-depth interviews or focus group discussions on such asensitive as rape, the researcher (generally a counsellor, but called aresearcher in this context as the data collected is for the purposes of qualitative research) develops a relationship of trust with the victim. The relationship may be misinterpreted by the participant as atherapist-client relationship. The data may be interpreted in waysunflattering or damaging to participants. It is therefore important toassess the harms and benefits in dealing with real clients. Secondly, risks to individuals participating in qualitative researchmay often not be anticipated. This is because the method and researchquestions are always evolving and changing from the various organisation’s approach to the case. These risks should be made clearto the participants from the beginning and also du ring the course ofthe experiment. Thirdly and most importantly, qualitative research   always generatesquestions on the ability to protect confidential information. Usually, names and personal data are excluded from published results, but quotations, cues from the publications can always identify theparticipant to those familiar with the research. Reasons for this maybe because of the nature of sensitivity of the rape abuse problem,  trial groups always being small and trials being conducted in smallcommunity structures. Reports were published by the Home Office on the ‘STAR young person project’ on assessing the counselling services offered to rape survivors. Young women primarily had a positive counselling experiencebut a small number reported some level of dissatisfaction.   One of the reasons were the short sessions of counselling, as they could not continue working with their counsellors on a long term basis. This indicated the issue of assess to a restricted number of sessions.  Another issue was the pace at which information is disclosed to thecounsellor, as a small percentage of the women disliked gettingstraight to the information or having to answer questions pertaining tothe incidents within a shorter period of contact between the victim andthe counsellor. This may be because a certain time span is needed toestablish a counsellor-victim relationship which varies from case tocase and depends on the severity of the case.       Another small percentage of the STAR participants felt that the counsellor was not equipped to work with areas of the case and thatthey were given unhelpful advise or irrelevant information or help in away which was not the one suited for the particular case. This throwslight on the training issues of counsellors, whether they are properly equipped for the job. Another percentage of the women, said that thecounsellor disapproved of them being late or related issues whichindicate an over-protective or over-controlling issue which can causenegative impacts on the counselling experience. The findings indicatethe need for a more flexible approach during counselling experiences, longer-term counselling and support by the counsellor, proper trainingfor counsellors and more research into counselling methods and theirevaluation.   According to the findings of the British Crime Survey (2002), it isdifficult to assess the level of support for victims of rape due to the small number of victims in year 2001. Also, the British Crime Survey(2002) reports that support services are under-funded, relative tosupport services dedicated to victims of domestic violence. In UK, therapy services for rape survivors are available from charity andlistening services, health services provided by the universities forstudents, NHS and   few religious movements.   In the NHS, there areusually long waiting lists sometimes up to a year for patients toaccess counsellor services. In voluntary and charity services there maynot always be round-the clock assistance for rape survivors. Telephone access is restricted to certain times of the day.   Findings of research on women rape victims are available in a varietyof forms and from a variety of places. Professional journals such as Violence Against Women, the Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Aggression Violence Behavior, Violence Victims, and the Journal of Family Violence include research conducted by psychologists, social workers, sociologists, advocates, and others. In addition to professional journals, findings of research are presented at domesticviolence conferences, described in the popular press, found on websites devoted to ending violence against women, and are available aspublications from government agencies like the Home Office, UK orprivate research organizations (various voluntary organisation’swebsites). Research reports published in scientific journals are subject to peer-review.   Research published in scientific journals thus gives thereader some confidence in the scientific credibility of the researchfindings. Scientific credibility, however, does not necessarily meanthat the findings represent â€Å"the truth†. Research released directlyfrom an organization sponsoring the research does not usually gothrough the peer review process. So there is a real need for independent qualitative research into the counselling services for rape victims in the UK. The UK Home Office should actively engage inindependent evaluation of counselling services for rape victims. The STAR project recommendations the following for future research. There is need for piloting and evaluating peer support systems. New research projects into contexts and circumstances of rape is requiredto throw new light on the academic and practitioner’s knowledge. More research is needed into the needs of victims from internet supportservices while reviewing the current internet support service toprovide guidelines for practise. More creative approaches in regards toservices for survivors were also required. It is also recommended that counsellors be given appropriate training to improve the services to rape survivors. According to Bernes (2005), there are five critical components forbecoming an effective counsellor. The counsellor should have aprofound, genuine and early draw to the field, a profound and genuinefascination to try to understand human nature, cognitive ability, arigorous and quality academic program and major field exposure. There is therefore a genuine need for efforts to be focussed in creating effective counsellors to deal with rape victims. More funding to develop therapy services is required. There is a need to establish infrastructure towards organisations involved in treatmentand care of victims. Further research into the effective processes ofvarious approaches of counselling is recommended. Detailed research isneeded into the qualitative analysis of effectiveness of thecounselling processes. Also, independent qualitative analysis in victimsupport is needed to verify the results. In general, in the UK, counselling for rape survivors have still a long way to go.

America Needs Affirmitive Action :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦granting modest advantages to minorities and women is more than fair, given hundreds of years of discrimination that benefited whites and men.† (Fromkin) Affirmative Action is not only justifiable, but it is necessary in today’s world. Affirmative Action can be seen throughout United States History as a leading fighter for equal opportunity. Affirmative Action can assist in creating a more equal opportunity for people regarding higher education, employment and the work force, and creating a more diverse equal community in all aspects. Affirmative Action, in contrast to many people’s beliefs, does not promote â€Å"reverse discrimination† or create quotas for groups to adhere to. On the contrary, it gives minorities and women the opportunity to have jobs and positions they are already qualified for. Affirmative Action â€Å"calls for minorities and women to have special consideration in employment, education, and contracting decisions†(Fromkin). Although the name â€Å"affirmative action† has only been applied in recent times, there is a history of affirmative action actions taken in the United States. This history is an example for the endless fight for equality among women and all minorities. These actions can be seen in amendments to the constitution, especially the 13th, 14th, 15th, and 19th amendments. They abolished slavery, granted citizenship to the former slaves, that the right for United States citizens to vote can not be denied or reduced on the account of race or color, and lastly the 19th amendment gave women the right to vote. Furthermore, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, title VI, states that the use of literacy or other voter-qualifications cannot be used to keep any minority off the voting lists, reassuring an equal voice in the democracy of the US. I n addition, former President Johnson and Kennedy used executive orders 11246 and 10925 to show government support of affirmative action through the â€Å"equal employment opportunity† and the establishment of the Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity respectively. The downfall in affirmative action history is the passing of Proposition 209 and the California Civil Rights Initiative (CCRI) which ended affirmative action in California. Affirmative Action has played a large role in history, as a fighter for equal opportunity, despite race or gender.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Affirmative Action provides women and minorities equal opportunity in higher education Affirmative Action in higher education allows minorities and women not given the opportunity of a prestige education to go further in life and attend side by side with students given better opportunities.

The No Child Left Behind Act: Impact on the Assessment of Special Educa

The No Child Left Behind Act: Impact on the Assessment of Special Education Students Three years after the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) moved into our schools there is a great deal of controversy that questions whether the act implemented by President George W. Bush is helping or hurting an already suffering school system. There are many dimensions of the NCLB act that have been questioned over the past three years; the fair assessment of students with disabilities is one of them. As the National Center for Fair & Open Testing (NCFOT) reported, the public relations aspect of this act is strong. However, all other areas of the new law are falling short of meeting their goals. In an annual report card developed by the NCFOT in 2005 accountability was rated with a ?D? and high-quality assessments with an ?F?. They further explain that Bush?s act encourages the use of commercial testing where they should be using classroom based assessments. Also, the accountability is somewhat misleading and can cause schools that are moving forward to turn into test-prep schools (NCFOT, 2005). While this report card focuses on how the NCLB act affects all subgroups in education, it is important to look at one group in particular; the special education students. President Bush?s NCLB act is forcing special education students to perform on statewide assessments that are above their intelligence level and are often requiring them to pass the assessments in order to receive a high school diploma. This often causes teachers, such as Lindley Corcoran, a special education teacher at Sheppard Pratt private school for students with severe disabilities, to teach to the test rather than teach practical functional skills which she believes will be ... ...ting Office. Fair Test. (2005). The National Center for Fair & Open Testing. Retrieved from http://www.fairtest.org Goldhaber, D. (2002). What might go wrong with the accountability measures of the ?No Child Left Behind Act The Urban Institute. Improving accountability for limited English proficient and special education students under the No Child Left Behind Act. (2003). Washington Area School Study Council. No educator left behind: Testing special education students. (2003). Retrieved March 18, 2005, from http://www.education-world.com/a_issues/NELB/NELB025.shtml Olson, L. (2004). Data show schools making progress on federal goals. Education Week, 24, 24-28. Retrieved from http://www.edweek.org Tomes, H. Ph.D. (2004). In public interest: Are we really leaving no child behind? American Psychologist, 35, 31-35. Retrieved from www.apa.org

Effect of Early Relationship Intro : Term Paper Essay

As of 2013 teenagers became more interested in getting involved in entering early romantic relationships and as time passes romantic relationships played an important role in the life of an adolescent. According to Mathew E. Kopfler â€Å"Dating is shown to affect students both favourably and adversely, but the present seems to be affected by a person’s future plans†. He also pointed out that â€Å"Entering romantic relationships amongst the youth can affect their educational values, goals and attitudes†. Many more researches backed up the theory of Mr. Kopfler but some also say that there are more negative effects than the positive ones. By the groups experience in the school many of us tend to hear some comments like â€Å"my grades went down because my time and all my effort was given to the one I love† or â€Å"my grades are high because I’m single† many teenagers today blames romantic relationship for their failures when it comes to academic grades. And this is why our group wanted to expand and create a research paper on the positive effects of romantic relationship amongst the students of Saint Louis School Center. We want to prove that entering romantic relationships in high school can be advantageous. We also wanted to make a research on romantic relationships to expand the knowledge and point of views of people in accordance with the effect it has on students whether it is on their academic performance or their attitude and interaction towards other people. Therefore to prove our research we provided 50 copies of questionnaires to be answered by two students (one girl and one boy) per section from 7th grade to 4th years. On the date February 6, 2013 Lunch break we started to float our questionnaires starting from the 3rd year level then going down to the 2nd and 1st year level and ending with the 4th year level. After collecting all the floated questionnaires we started to gather data using books, magazines and newspapers from the library. At home we used the internet to gather data from other researches that was created in the past that would help us come up with our conclusion. We are therefore conducting this research to prove that romantic relationship brings positive effects on the academic performance of a student instead for being the cause for the failing grades of students. Also in this research we are aiming to state main reasons why students enter romantic relationships at an early age and how it affects their adolescence. Our research is only limited within the facilities of Saint Louis School Center and the results provided from the questionnaires are based on the attitudes and opinions of the students in SLSC from 7th grade to 4th year level.

Ap Euro Dbq

Sarmad Kako 7th period DBQ Essay The Thirty Years War devastated all of Europe from 1618-1648. The thirty Years war was principally fought throughout Central Europe and involved most of the countries in Europe. The origins of the conflict and goals of the participants were complex, and no single cause can accurately be described as the main reason for the fighting. Initially, it was fought largely as a religious war between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire, although disputes over internal politics and the balance of power within the Empire played a significant part.A major consequence of the Thirty Years' War was the devastation of entire regions, denuded by the foraging armies. Famine and disease significantly decreased the population of the German states and Bohemia, the Low Countries, and Italy, and most of the combatant powers were bankrupted. These statements and the thirty years war all led to: The fall of Spain, France’s aggression to win, and absoluti sm in France. In the two treaties of the Thirty Years War, France replaced Spain as the most powerful country in Europe. Spain was unable to recover so quickly from her great losses: she was not only without funds, but without credit, incapable of any great effort in terms of money or man-power†¦Her king was old and in dubious health; he had just one son, young and rather feeble†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Document 3, this was said by King Louis XIV. Louis XIV shows bias in this document by presenting the flaws and exaggerating Spain’s situation; making it seem like Spain was going to fall and no one will be/is there to rule it. He made it seem like there was no competition, only him left.The Spanish navy was badly crushed and Portugal revolted against Spanish rule, corrupting Ferdinand II. Louis XIV aggression to win most made huge statements across Europe. King Louis XIV in document 3 along with document 5 shows tons of bias; he only talks about how great France is and how they woul dn’t make it without his foreseeing and support. France had many allies during the thirty years war for example, France. King Louis XIV talks about how he couldn’t have won alone, but it was mainly his success. In the course of this war I flatter myself that I demonstrated what France, unaided, can achieve†¦All of my subjects supported me to the best of their ability: in the armies, by their valour, in my kingdom, by their zeal, and in foreign lands† Document 5. Louis XIV was very one sided and believed France was above everyone else. In addition, France was backed by Sweden, from what you see in Document 2 Sweden soldiers thought of peasants as sub-human and believed they freely act without judgment.After the thirty years war was over, France sprung into the age of absolutism. King Louis XIV fought to eliminate Protestants and the practicing of their faith in France. King Louis XIV’s ideas were always respected and no one dared to cross judge his ide as; as said in Document 7, â€Å"All the eyes are fixed on him alone; it is to him that all the wishes are addressed; he alone receives all the respects; he alone is the object of all hopes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Even though France had a Protestant population, Louis XIV wanted France to be pure of Protestants and their believing’s.The Thirty’s Years war devastated all of Europe; financially, economically, and politically. So great was the devastation brought about by the war that estimates put the reduction of population in the  German states. Catholics and Protestants went to war in the Holy Roman Empire due to the power struggle that could hold on no longer. France was completely bankrupted (Document 9) and sent famine across Europe. The thirty years war all led to: The fall of Spain, France’s aggression to win, and absolutism in France.